Source

• Trisashti shalakha purush - 63 grand personalities:
  • 24 Tithankars
  • 12 Chakravarti
  • 9 Vasudev
  • 9 Prativasudev
  • 9 Baldev

Basic Concepts

Kalyanak

Jinke jeevan ke prasang, jagat ke samast jeevon ke liye kalyankari hon, usko kehte hain kalyanak. Only related to Tirthankars and are of 5 types :

1. Garbha Kalyanak (Conception) – The soul of the future Tirthankara enters the mother's womb.
2. Janma Kalyanak (Birth) – The birth of the Tirthankara.
3. Diksha Kalyanak (Renunciation) – The Tirthankara renounces worldly life and becomes an ascetic.
4. Keval Jnana Kalyanak (Omniscience) – Attainment of perfect knowledge (Keval Jnana).
5. Moksha Kalyanak (Liberation) – Final liberation of the soul from the cycle of birth and death.

Place and Time description

• Tirthankars exist only in Karm Bhumi
• The Tirthankars that we preach in logas are from Jain Cosmology#Jambu Dwip
• Tirthankars that we preach were only in 3rd (1st Tirthankar) and 4th ara (23 Tirthankars) of Avsarpani Cycle

Rishabhdev Bhagwaan

13 bhavs after samyak darshan, oscillating between Manushya and Dev gati only.

1. Dhanna, the Caravan Leader

• Species & Realm: Human | Khshitipratistha town of JambuDwip's Mahavideha Kshetra
• Era (Ara): (N/A) — Mahavideha Kshetra stays permanently in a state equivalent to the 4th Ara
• Core Life Highlights: He was a pious trader leading a massive merchant caravan. He encountered lost Jain ascetics in a dangerous forest and joyfully offered them pure food (Ahar-daan). This act triggered his Samyak Darshan (Right Vision).

2. Yugalik (Twin)

• Species & Realm: Human Couple (Yugaliks) | Uttarakuru | lifespan of 3 palyopam
• Era (Ara): (N/A) — Uttarakuru is an eternal Bhogabhumi permanently equivalent to the 1st Ara
• Core Life Highlights: Born into an effortless paradise due to his previous life's generosity. He lived a peaceful life free of labor, sustained entirely by wish-fulfilling trees (Kalpavrikshas).

3. Heavenly Deva

• A yugalik life is almost always followed by a dev janam.
• Species & Realm: Celestial Being (Deva) | Saudharma Kalpa (1st Devlok)
• Era (Ara): (N/A) — Heavenly realms do not experience the shifting phases of Aras.
• Core Life Highlights: Reborn as a radiant deity enjoying cosmic pleasures as a structural reward for his pure, harmless existence as a Yugalik.

4. King Mahabal

• Species & Realm: Human (Vidyadhar King) | Mahavideha Kshetra (Alkapuri City)

• Era (Ara): (N/A)
• Core Life Highlights: Born as a powerful king of the Vidyadhars (beings with mystical capabilities). While surrounded by ministers who indulged in material pleasures, his chief minister, Swayambuddh, was a highly advanced soul who had attained Samyak darshan. Swayambuddh gave a brilliant discourse on truth and self-restraint, steering King Mahabal away from indulgence. Mahabal accepted the path, performed Sallekhana (peaceful ritual fasting unto death), and elevated his consciousness.

5. Lalitang Deva

• Species & Realm: Celestial Being (Deva) | Eshan Heaven (2nd devlok)
• Era (Ara): (N/A)

• Core Life Highlights: As a direct result of his awakening and Sallekhana as King Mahabal, he is reborn as the magnificent Lalitang Deva, living a long celestial life of refined happiness. He fell in love with a devi, they stayed together, but she died before him.

6. Vajrajangh King

• Species & Realm: Human | Lohargal in Pushkalavati Vijay of Mahavideha Kshetra
• Era (Ara): (N/A)
• Core Life Highlights: Born in royal setup, married Srimati who was wife in devlok as well. One night they decided to renounce everything to their prince, both were killed by chemical poisoning by their son.

7. Yugalik (Twin)

• Species & Realm: Human Couple (Yugaliks) | Uttarakuru | lifespan of 3 palyopam
• Era (Ara): (N/A) — The Aras do not apply to heavenly dimensions.
• Core Life Highlights: Srimati and vajrajangh were born as twins so they stayed together again

8. Heavenly Deva

• A yugalik life is almost always followed by a dev janam.
• Species & Realm: Celestial Being (Deva) | Saudharma Kalpa (1st Devlok)
• Era (Ara): (N/A) — Heavenly realms do not experience the shifting phases of Aras.
• Core Life Highlights: Reborn as a radiant deity enjoying cosmic pleasures as a structural reward for his pure, harmless existence as a Yugalik.

9.Jivanand

• Species & Realm: Human | Kshitipratishtha town in Mahavideha Kshetra of Jambu dwip
• Era (Ara): (N/A) — Mahavideha Kshetra is structurally stable with no changing Aras.
• Core Life Highlights:
  • Born as son to a kind vaidya.
  • Made 4 more friends and srimati born as Keshav is also a friend. First a royal prince who was named Mahidhar, the second a minister’s son who was named Subudhi, the third a great merchant’s son who was named Gunakar and the fourth was named Purnabhadra, the son of a convoy head.
  • All six boys were very good friends from their childhood and their friendship was rock solid. They grew to become skilled youths as per their respective family traditions and engaged themselves in their respective jobs.
  • Jivanand grows to become a brilliant royal physician. Driven by immense compassion, he spent his life curing devastating epidemics and offering free medical care to traveling ascetics, saints, and the underprivileged, accumulating immense Punya (holy merit).

10. Heavenly Deva

• Species & Realm: Celestial Being (Deva) | Anatta Kalpa (12th Heaven)
• Era (Ara): (N/A) — Heavenly realm.
• Core Life Highlights: Attained an extraordinarily elevated position in the upper heavens owing to his intense meditation and strict ascetic vows in his previous birth.

11. Vajranabh

• Species & Realm: Human | Pundirikini in East Mahavideha Kshetra of Jambu dwip
• Era (Ara): (N/A) — Permanent Karmabhumi state.
• Core Life Highlights:
  • The queen had the fourteen auspicious dreams while she was pregnant. Everyone was exhilarated by the news from the dream interpreters-a Chakravarti will be born to the queen. The son was named Vajranabh.
  • Over time, four of Jivananda’s friends too were born as Vajranabh’s brothers After completion of heavenly life span. They were named Bahu, Subahu, Peeth and Mahapeeth. The soul of their sixth friend, Keshav, was born as the prince of a nearby city and was named Suyash. From childhood, Suyash started living in King Vajrasen’s palace with the king’s five other princes. All the six princes lived together and loved each other a lot due to their mutual attachment from their previous birth.
  • Born as a magnificent Chakravartin (Emperor of six realms). He eventually accepted monkhood under his father, Tirthankar Vajrasen. By deeply reflecting on the Solah Karan Bhavanas (16 sacred reflections), he bound the Tirthankar-nam-karma blueprint.
  • Monk Vajranabh practiced the norms of abstinence without any blemish and acquired the Tirthankara Gotra. Muni Bahu and Muni Subahu served the old, sick and young monks with full devotion and pure affection. Because of their pure and selfless devotion to service, they both acquired massive higher grade Punya Karmas. Muni Peeth and Muni Mahapeeth were busy in studying scriptures. They were quite skilled in giving sermons and explaining deep concepts. Upon hearing their Guru’s high praise for Muni Bahu and Muni Subahu, Muni Peeth and Muni Mahapeeth became jealous and resentful. This led them to attain female forms in their future bhavas. Muni Suyasha, meanwhile, performed great penances.

12. Supreme Heavenly Ahamindra

• Species & Realm: Highest Celestial Order (Ahamindra) | Sarvartha Siddhi (Highest Heaven) | long lifespan of 33 sagaropam
• Era (Ara): (N/A) — Absolute cosmic realm with no time-cycle degradation.
• Core Life Highlights: Spent an immense duration in a state of continuous cosmic bliss and scriptural absorption. Souls born here are bound to achieve liberation in their very next human life.

13. Bhagwan Rishabhdev (Adinath)

• Species & Realm: Human Tirthankar | Ayodhya, Bharat Kshetra
• Era (Ara): 3rd Ara (Sushama-Dushama) transitioning into the 4th Ara (Dushama-Sushama).
• Core Life Highlights: Descended into the womb of Mata Marudevi as the first Tirthankar of this cycle. He established the 6 structural professions (Asi, Masi...), initiated the Karmabhumi lifestyle, renounced his kingdom after seeing the dancer Nilanjana fade, and attained final Moksha from Mount Ashtapad.